Process Essay †How to Name a Cow - 887 Words

Process Essay – How to Name a Cow Naming your cow may not be an easy task. While some claim to be well versed in bovine nomenclature, many first-time cow owners are not. It may be true that cattle should not be named because a growing attachment to your cow may hinder economic gain—if you plan to eat your cow, don’t name it. Most cow lovers need not worry about any of this. Their cows have become welcome household pets. They have put down their steak knives and decided to dine with them, not on them. Such docile animals have now become a part of the family, and owning but a few cows has eased the problem of naming a vast herd of cattle. I once knew a family in Loma Rica that tried to name all their†¦show more content†¦Traditional names are simple. So if you own a traditional cow, name her Bossy, or Bessy, or Daisy, or Lulu, or Buttercup, or Bertha, or Bubba, or Beauregard. Also keep in mind that traditional names vary geographically. For instance, I found that Brunhilde, Lore, Lotte, Rosa, Thilde, and Lisa are commonly given to cows in Germany. Other common European names include Peppo, Maxi, Moriz, and Marla. (A foreign name will add spice to any pasteurized cow.) Another easy approach to cow christening is naming your creature after a famous or inspiring figure. Music, sports, or movie stars are a great source. Classic examples are Elvis, Jordan, and Winona. Or how about celebrities Aristotle, Einstein, or Thurgood Marshall? If you have several cows, name them after the characters of the infamous O. J. trial: Shapiro, Ito, Cochran, Kato. â€Å"This is my cow, Juror #12.† What better way to keep tradition alive? From flowers bloom excellent cow names: Rose, Violet, Dahlia, Marigold, etc. However, it is wise to avoid cruel names. Don’t breed animosity by naming your animal Big Mac, Milk Shake, Sir Loyn, or Rump Roast. Parents sometimes select an ample supply of potential names for their offspring, and more names are introduced by friends and relatives. What better use of this surplus than towards your cow? In fact, this is just one reason so many people are investing in cows—cows are an outlet for the namesShow MoreRelatedThe Boston Matrix A Product Portfolio1668 Words   |  7 Pagesdivisions also known as: stars, cash cows, the problem child and dogs Scholes, and Johnson (2001). The x-axis of the matrix shows the market share compared to the largest competitor and the y-axis shows the growth in the market (Lewis, and Trevitt, 2007:137). McDonald (2007:211) explains that products and services are evaluated by market share because it would indicate whether the product or service generates any cash-flow, and market growth would demonstrate how dominant the business within the marketRead MoreThe Famous Last Thoughts Of My Dying Hope For Success1492 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"And remember class, your essays are due tomorrow,† the famous last thoughts of my dying hope for success. Ever since writing mo longer became about how well you understood and developed ideas, my progression towards a well published essay slowly rolled down the hill to failure. 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This is true in the case of Susan in the short story â€Å"John Jin†. In the shortRead MorePresentation on a Short Poem Written by T. S. Eliot-Cousin Nancy1499 Words   |  6 Pagesof East Coker, England, the home of his ancestor, and also the name of second of Four Quartets, on the memorial tablet are inscribed: in my beginning is my end, in my end is my beginning, famous line in this poem. His most famous work included some poems, the waste land, 1922, Ash Wednesday, 1930, Four Quartets, 1936, some plays: murder in the cathedral, 1935, the cocktail party, 1950, and some essays including tradition and the individual talent, 1917, the use ofRead MoreThe Swerve Vs. World Civilizations And Ideas1566 Words   |  7 Pagesworld. This essay argues the similarities and differences in which the swerve and ancient civilizations might have with one another. Author Stephan Greenblatt tells a story about a book hunter named Poggio Bracciolini. In this story Poggio saves the last copy of the works of a very famous poet named Lucretius on the nature of things. Lucretius ideas helped explain renaissance. People no longer chose to believe in super natural explanations, but instead chose to believe in atoms and how the world consistsRead MoreCloning: The Story and Impact of Dolly the Sheep762 Words   |  3 PagesThe name†Dolly† comes from the country star Dolly Parton . Dolly the sheep sent shock waves through the world when the news was released 7 months after her birth. Like Hank Greely said â€Å"Dolly was not, in fact, the harbinger of armies of human clones, though the news coverage might have led credulous readers to think so. In this essay you will learn how Dolly was created, about her life, and the scientific advances she set in motion. Dolly the sheep was through a process calledRead MoreColonialism From The West And West Indies1061 Words   |  5 Pagesthe wide use of slavery justified during the process of Othering(e.g. sciences demonstrating and emphasising biological/moral/cultural differences). This essay seeks to address how aspects of our everyday lives are still shaped/being shaped by these colonial times, looking into areas many try to separate as individual issues but do in fact have a root cause in colonialism. First, I will look at how the english language has become so widespread, and how throughout the world, we find influence of BritishRead MoreThe Indian Culture- Informative Speech975 Words   |  4 PagesLebanese American University Byblos, Lebanon Fundamentals of Oral Communication Name: Amar Al Bakkar ID#: 201101998 Email Address: amar.albakkar@lau.edu Tel: 03/925225 Instructor: Mrs. Therese Nasrallah Date of Presentation: July 2, 2012 General Purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the Indian cultures diversity Central Idea: India is a fascinating country with diverse traditions related to their language, their costumes, and their

Describe and evaluate one or more biological explanations...

Describe and evaluate one or more biological explanations of schizophrenia Research has shown that schizophrenia is heredity and can runs in families. This suggests that genes play a significant role. The closer the genetic relationship the more likely the people are to share the disorder. Evidence from family studies by Gottesman showed that when bothparent are schizophrenic then there is a 46% chance of the child getting it, however, if only one parent had it, it dropped to 17%. This suggests that a genetic factor is involved. MZ twins share 100% of their genes; DZ twins share 50% of their genes. If genes are a factor we would expect more identical twins to share the disorder than non-identical. Gottesman also looked at twin†¦show more content†¦Recent research has suggested that genetic factors affect the hard wiring of the brain. The research focused on the brain biochemistry (neurotransmitters). Although there have been many neurotransmitters associated with schizophrenia, Dopamine seems to be the most important. The dopamine hypothesis says that schizophrenia is caused by an increased reaction to dopamine in the brain. This could be because there is too much of the hormone dopamine in the brain, or conversely because there is an abnormally high number of dopamine receptors in the brain. This model says the excess sensitivity to dopamine results in the brain, causes the symptoms of schizophrenia. Evidence comes from the fact that amphetamines increase the amounts of dopamine large doses of amphetamines given to people with no history of the disorder produced behaviour which is very similar to paranoid schizophrenia. Small doses given to people already suffering from the disorder tend to worsen their symptoms. L-dopa is a drug used to treat Parkinson s disease it acts by increasing dopamine levels; it can also produce symptoms of schizophrenia in previously unaffected individuals, although not all patients developed these side effects. Main antipsychotic drugs such as Phenothiazine’s block the dopamine receptor cells and reduce symptoms However Phenothiazine’s do not work for everyone diagnosed with schizophrenia, this suggests something else must cause schizophrenia as well otherwiseShow MoreRelatedDescribe and Evaluate at Least Two Biological Treatments for Schizophrenia1604 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe and evaluate at least two biological treatments for schizophrenia Biological treatments arise from the medical model of abnormal behaviour, which considers mental disorder to be an illness of disease resulting from underlying biological factors. Most people with schizophrenia receive some form of drug therapy. Drug therapy is the most common treatment, using antipsychotic drugs. Antipsychotic drugs aims to help patient function as well as possible and increasing patient’s feelings of wellRead MoreBiological Explanations of Schizophrenia1940 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Describe and evaluate biological explanations of schizophrenia (24 marks) Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by distorted thinking, impaired emotional responses, poor interpersonal skills and a distortion of reality. It is the most common of psychotic disorders that, in most countries around the world, affects around 1 per cent of the population. In terms of explanations for the disorder, two central types of explanations arise – psychological explanations and biological explanationsRead MoreStrengths and Weaknesses of the Biological Model and Environmental Model in Determining the Etiology of Schizophrenia3559 Words   |  15 Pages(Davies Bhugra, 2004). Thus, for instance, the healthy child and the biological model both agree that certain predetermined behavioural pattern may be impervious to environmental forces. Similarly, knowledge about relapse to previous patterns of behaviour necessitates the re-evaluation of the idea that every process of development is a change and; that every previous pattern of behaviour is transformed into entirely new one (Haugaard, 2008). Undoubtedly, developmental models should be relevantRead MoreThe Four Major Schools Of Thought2593 Words   |  11 PagesPsychology A: Assessment Kristina Bates This essay will discuss the four major schools of thought in psychology, it will describe and evaluate theories and research that link to each of the four major schools of thought. The four major schools of thought in psychology are Behaviourism, Psychoanalytic, Cognitive and Biological. Behaviourism is a concept which dismisses that humans possess freewill. Behaviourism states that all behaviour is learned, also that all behaviour is conditioned either byRead MoreA New Paradigm Substance Use Disorder Treatment1656 Words   |  7 Pagesthe expectations that addiction can respond to a single, acute and short-term treatment, seem fairly unrealistic. Therefore the use of an acute definition (such as cured) to measure the impact of a treatment can also be considered as inappropriate. A more relevant evaluation of the efficacy of an addiction treatment could be to measure how long a person stay symptoms-free with good functional status, or in complete remission (All signs of the disease are gone, but that doesn t mean that the diseaseRead MoreBehavioral Cognitive Case Study5709 Words   |  23 PagesCognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Case Study William Bradshaw University of Minnesota Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Journal, 12, (1) 13-25, 1998 Abstract Cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) has rarely been applied as the primary treatment for the multiple, severe and persistent problems that characterize schizophrenia. This case study describes the process of CBT in the long-term outpatient care of a young woman with schizophrenia. The study highlights the adaptationRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Walsh Wu2983 Words   |  12 Pagespersonality traits function, as criminals in our society, of these, the antisocial personality, or the related term â€Å"psychopath or sociopath,† is one specific psychological syndrome. Development of Psychopath/sociopath Terminology Outside of a psychological perspective, the term antisocial personality is not recognized (Walsh Wu, 2008). The most common term to describe these behaviors is known as â€Å"psychopath.† Despite the similarities between the two terms, research suggests that they are distinct constructsRead MoreSurvey Of Cognitive Remediation Practices For Individuals With Schizophreni Implementation And Barriers9236 Words   |  37 Pages Survey of Cognitive Remediation Practices for Individuals with Schizophrenia: Implementation and Barriers Jessica Ryan Cuttance, M.S., CRC Dr. Dara Chan, ScD, CRC Dr. Mark Klinger, PhD University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Abstract Cognitive impairment (CI) is observed in the vast majority of individuals with schizophrenia and has long been identified as a principal contributor to functional deficits. To date, pro-cognitive pharmacologic therapies have been largely unsuccessfulRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pagessense lead to the same conclusions about behavior and mental processes. _____ Psychology is not a science. Objective I.2 Define the scientific method, and explain how it is used in psychology? Psychologists use the scientific method to evaluate competing ideas; find relationship of variables by collecting data |Margin Learning Question(s) (if applicable) |Page(s) | |1.2 What processes do scientists use toRead MoreGender Equality Is A Key Tool For Proceeding Development And Dropping Down The Level Of Poverty3131 Words   |  13 Pagesdevelopment and dropping down the level of poverty. Women that are empowered contributes to the fitness and efficiency of society and to enhance prospects for the next generation to come. The position of gender equality is stressed by its presence as one of the eighth Millennium Development Objectives. Gender equality is recognized as being a significant issue to attain seven other aims. Being that discrimination in contradiction of females involving gender-based violence, reproductive health injustices

The Role of the Technical Trainer free essay sample

This is a research study which examines presenting and evaluation methods of technical training. An examination of the needs and challenges of the technical trainer when designing and delivering instruction through the use of technology, specifically through critical incident questioning. This study determines the skills and competencies required by the trainer in order to effectively deliver information. Included are diagrams and graphs to explain the material analyzed. The role of a technical trainer carries a heavy weight in todays workplace. With the ever-changing pace of todays technology, there must be a way to provide guidance and support to these trainers. Research suggests that technical training contains a range of positive and negative characteristics. Teaching via the Internet can be categorized as either institutional, instructional, technical, or personal, and the specific reservation about employing this technology may be closely related to the type and degree of technological use. (Piotrowski Vodanovich, 2000, p. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of the Technical Trainer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 48).

Roman Influence on Byzantine Empire and Islamic Societies free essay sample

The mother of the world has been killed,† stated a 5th century historian, bereft and appalled when the news of Rome’s fall had reached ear. Certainly his words hold truth, for Rome the dauntingly colossal Empire engulfing the Mediterranean and all territories around it; the source of artistic, intellectual, and cultural ascendancy; the influential factor of brilliance in so many of the coexisting societies of the western world was truly the predecessor and creator of all Western Civilization to come. However, what no one knew, was that the lasting impression this powerful and astonishing civilization would make upon the world, even if only through the works of fleeting memory or written text. As always, with loss comes a chance for gain an opportunity for rebirth and renewal that could previously have only been a dream. And so, with the collapse of one great empire, opportunities arose for the numbers of new kingdoms and societies to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Roman Influence on Byzantine Empire and Islamic Societies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Byzantine Empire and Islamic societies were two especially prominent societies that gained primacy, arising from the fourth to sixth century. Although both Byzantine and Islamic societies created their own empires, with separate rulers and individuals, the Roman Empire heavily influenced their cultural aspects, as demonstrated in their religion, art, and law. The Byzantine Empire was a highly prosperous society centered around the city of Constantinople. This society, dating back to around 330 AD, consecutively arising after the fall of the Roman Empire, and managed to remain in power for more than 1000 years. It was the most powerful economic and military force in all of Europe at the height of it’s power. Constantinople, located at present day Istanbul, was the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, and played a key role in the hegemony of the empire. By cause of the city’s prime positioning with access to east-west and north-south trade routes, trade became an important institution and base of economy in the Byzantine Empire. Silk was originally bought from China for the grand empire, until silk-worms were illegally obtained by Byzantine monks, and factories were established in the Empireto create this rare product. Silk soon became an imperial monopoly, and through this way, the trade of luxury items became the Byzantine’s main source of income. The location of Constantinople also aided in military conquest and defence, for the empire’s naval headquarters were located along the shores, and had access to the Black Sea and Mediterranean. Because of the Empire’s location, all but overlapping the fallen Roman’s territory, the Byzantine Empire was greatly affected by these Roman’s past traditions and ways of life. The Roman Empire influenced the Byzantine Empire’s culture, mainly through the religion of Christianity. Christianity first appeared in the Roman Empire, with the birth, teachings, and supposed resurrection of Jesus Christ. In the beginning years of it’s arrival, Christianity was not tolerated and Christians were mainly, and most often brutally prosecuted. However, with Constantine’s Edict of Milan, Christianity was officially tolerated, and under Theodosius, it became the official religion of the Roman Empire. The Byzantine Empire inherited this relatively new religion, continuing to follow the beliefs and traditions of the church, as well as spreading the word of Jesus Christ and the message of god. Churches sprung up in the empire, such as the mighty Hagia Sophia. Located in Constantinople and built by Justinian, this church especially exemplified Roman influence through its divine architecture. â€Å"Above the arches is raised a circular building of a curved form through which the light of day first shines,† (document 2) boasts Procopius, a Byzantine scholar from Palestine. He became the principal historian of the 6th century, documenting the works and wars of Justinian I. Procopius describes the church’s magnificent domed ceiling, which, along with columns and a concrete skeleton, can hardly be castigated, nor denied of it’s uncanny resemblance to Rome’s Pantheon. Justinian was the Christian Emperor of the Byzantine Empire who is famous for his building projects, battle tactics, and his codification of Roman law. â€Å"We have attempted the most thorough amendment of the entire law, to collect and revise the whole body of Roman jurisprudence, and to assemble in one book the scattered treatises of so many authors,† Justinian writes, reflecting upon his work. The Justinian code was essentially a collection of scattered Roman documents on law, treaties, and other diverse legal matters. This codification was used as the basic system of law in the Byzantine Empire, and successfully governed an Empire of citizens for roughly 1000 years. In conclusion, if not for the influence and impact of lingering hints of Roman Christianity, architecture , and law, the Byzantine Empire would have evolved into a profoundly variant society than the one established so many years ago. Islamic Societies were very militaristic, religious, and politically based on the teaching of Muhammad. Although small when first founded in the sixth century, at it’s height of power, regions conquered and maintained by the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties included Egypt, Arabia, lands of the Persian Empire and Asia Minor, regions of North Africa snaking along the Mediterranean, and territories of present day Spain in the west. Comprised of brilliant generals and thousands of well-motivated men striving for eternal paradise in the after-life, the army was immensely dynamic, efficacious, and cardinal to the prodigious power of the Islamic Kingdom. Religion influenced much of the population’s way of life, dictating family practices, working hours, diet, public ceremonies, and many other aspects of everyday life. To maintain the promise of eternal paradise after death, a Muslim was expected to follow the ruler and faith with honor and loyalty, as well as the Five Pillars of Islam. Stated in the Qur’an, these pillars are thought of as the hindmost commitment to Islam, and obedience to the laws is key. One must accept monotheism and Muhammad as God’s holy messenger (Shahada), pray five times a day and attend communal prayer on friday (Salat), give alms to the poor and less fortunate (Zakat), fast during the holy month of Ramadan (Sawm), and make a pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) at least once in a life-time. The rulers of Islamic Society, entitled as caliphs, were expected to follow these pillars, as well as the practice of Jihad striving in the way of the Lord. However, although the Islamic culture and government had many newly created aspects, the motif of previous Roman society was still predominantly clear. Roman influence on Islamic Societies was mainly displayed in its art, specifically architecture and language. The multitude of Roman architects, hired by kings to institute the design and production of churches, were frequently extremely bright, talented, and passionate. The innovative building models established were graced with stability, natural impregnability, and beauty. Islamic societies gained much of their knowledge on contemporary architecture from the Romans, and in effect, produced constructions very similar to those erected in the bygone days of the Roman Empire. For example, the Islamic Dome of the Rock, constructed in Jerusalem 690 AC, possesses aspects similar to those of the Roman Pantheon. The Dome of the Rock’s ceiling, to no extent of surprise, is in fact in the shape of a dome, such as the ceiling of the Pantheon. Furthermore, the Islamic structure contains many columns that are conjointly displayed in the Roman temple. The Mosque at Cordoba contains arches and columns resembling those built by Romans in water canals and at the gates of cities. The Islamic religions also continued to carry on the most spoken language of Rome Latin. Caliphs and libraries collected texts from all around the world, while scholars translated the sterling works into Arabic and Latin. Although Islamic some celebrations show congruency with celebrations of Christians,Roman influence on the Muslim people was mainly cultural. News of Rome’s fall spread quickly throughout lands of the Mediterranean, Africa, Persia, and Arabia. All were astonished at the supposed failure of the once mighty empire, considering it’s previous success and military conquest. Acting as predecessor and nurturer, Rome had affected countless bordering societies, all across the western world. However, the historian pronouncing Rome’s title as â€Å"mother of the world† had been ludicrously incorrect in concern to one aspect of the Empire’s demise. Rome went on influence future cultures in the Mediterranean regain for centuries, especially those of the Byzantine Empire and ancient Islamic Societies. By means of the Empire’s culture, religion, and law, Rome continues to influence American society today, even hundreds of year’s after the empire’s fall. In Washington D. C. , the use of columns, arches, and domes is a common motif in most political buildings, as well as domestic dwellings. Christianity is now a widely adopted religion, practiced by approximately thirty-three percent of the entire world’s population. Justinian’s codification of Roman law can still be compared with legal and justice systems from around the world, especially in western civilization. The 6th century historian was terribly mistaken in the fact that Rome had been killed, for today as vividly as yesterday; as true as the promise of tomorrow’s rising sun Rome lives on. In the subtle curve of an elegant column, in the chromatic dazzle of a church’s stained glass window, and in the crack of a judge’s mallet, bringing justice to all those our mighty nation gives promise to protect and serve, Rome survives. Chin to the sky, arms open, Rome stands tall and illustrious, ready to embrace all those who walk the earth all whom she deems children.

Understand Current National and Organisational Policies and Practices for Literacy Development free essay sample

They must be given the opportunity within all different subject areas to use and extend their language so that their thinking skills progress to a higher level. The literacy curriculum is for pupils to explore and expand on how language works and to gain knowledge of various genres and situations. The Primary Framework for Literacy is to support and increase all children’s access to excellent teaching, leading to exciting and successful learning. I am currently working in KS2 (year 4). My teacher will set the lesson for each day in accordance with the National Curriculum. The lesson is broken down and put on to a daily lesson plan. Prior to the lesson she will go over the plan in more detail with me and give me ample time to prepare any resources required. For the lesson, the class are divided on to tables so that children of the same ability are placed together. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand Current National and Organisational Policies and Practices for Literacy Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am usually put with the lower able children as they are in need of the extra support. In a typical lesson in class, the teacher will teach the whole class activity. This gives the children the opportunity to put forward and share their ideas. The teacher then gives the work to the groups which will depend on their ability. In my setting, literacy lessons are conducted every other day whilst a reading and writing based lesson, called Read, Write Ink, is provided every day in small groups (usually about 12) where the children are of similar ability. Teaching assistants are responsible for their own group and follow the plans issued by the author of the lessons. The literacy format in class varies from week to week whereas Read, Write, Ink follows the same format for five days at a time but refers to a different story book each week. Read, Write, Ink was brought into the school to assist the children in their phonic knowledge as this was found to be lacking throughout the school. It is the responsibility of the teachers that children are placed in certain ability groups and they also track their progress. Children have talk partners to sound out their ideas before moving onto independent work in both literacy and Read, Write, Ink. At the end of both sessions, children are brought back to whole class discussions to talk about what they worked on or wrote. Early Years or Foundation children must develop their oral skills so that they can go on to access the National Curriculum. Dressing up and drama play a huge role for them to expand their language, listening skills and imagination. As they get older and move into KS2, their oral skills progress to speaking and/or presenting to the rest of the class. My school also involve support assistants in taking intervention classes. We daily take a group of 6 children out of the class to work on comprehension, reading and punctuation. This is to improve their grades and levels. Each week spelling tests are set for the older pupils of the school. Children with English as their second language are also given specialist support as a language specialist will come into the school and given extra speaking, reading and writing interventions. Whilst in class during a literacy lesson, children with very little English language will complete early learning games. This could be made up of cards matching pictures to their English word cards, for example, a picture of a horse will match to the word ‘horse’. As their English progresses, they would become more involved in the lessons that the whole class is doing, but we would be considerate by using more basic language so that it gives the child confidence in what they are doing. Correcting their grammar is essential; otherwise they fall into lazy habits. However, this must be done in a sensitive and caring manner. An example of this is a year 4 Portuguese boy in my class. He has been with us for 2 years. He recently asked me ‘can I drink water please’. I told him the correct way to ask was ‘can I have a drink of water please’. He now asks correctly each time. 1. 2, Summarise the relevant policy and age related expectations of learners relevant to literacy development in the setting. If you are supporting pupils literacy development you will need to be aware of your schools English or literacy policy. This will outline your schools approach to the teaching of reading, writing, speaking and listening and should follow local or national guidelines. In England and Wales, the National Primary Literacy Framework outlines the structure for the teaching of literacy. It shows 12 strands of learning which a child must be taught throughout his or her entire primary education, including Foundation. In Foundation, teachers are expected to follow the two subject areas, which are Prime areas of learning and Specific areas of learning. Prime areas of learning * Listening and attention * Understanding * Speaking This supports Communication and Language as being imperative in the child’s earliest years. This will be developed through relationships with others using a variety of activities and will be supported by adults whilst doing so. This in turn will contribute into helping them to exercise their thinking skills. Specific areas of learning * Reading * Writing Their learning will develop into understanding that the sounds that they hear in a word are linked to letters, which then progresses them to decode and read regular words which would then lead to them being able to write words and simple sentences. Once the above are reached by a child at the end of Foundation stage, it means they have met their Early Learning Goals. As children leave Foundation stage and move into Key Stage 1, their learning objectives must be brought into line with the 12 learning strands of the National Primary Literacy Framework. Speak and listen for a wide range of purposes in different contexts * Speaking * Listening and Responding * Group discussion and Interaction * Drama Read and write for a range of different purposes on paper and on screen * Word recognition: decoding (reading) and encoding (spelling) * Word structure and spelling * Understanding and interpreting text * Engaging and responding to texts Creating and shaping texts * Text structure and organisation * Sentence structure and punctuation * Presentation The DfE have made the site available on line of the early years foundation stages national strategies and requirements. These outline the strand that is applicable to each year group. 1. 3, Summarise the teachers programme and plans for literacy development For effective support for children in literacy, and a ny other subject, there should be a prior conversation between you and the class teacher or knowledge of the planned activities of the lesson. In a majority of schools, my setting included, the support staff are given plans at the beginning of the week as well as being on display in the classroom. Within some settings the support staff are included in the planning of the lessons where their input and ideas can be given, especially for activities and approaches for children that they work closely with. Support staff should make notes on the daily plans. This is of the children they worked with that day which monitors each child’s progress and understanding and if they met the learning objective. Praise and feedback along with clarifying problems or misunderstandings are imperative to children, encouraging them to be confident learners. Once the lesson is complete, communication with the teacher should take place to ensure they are aware of how the children managed the task. Within my school there is a literacy policy set for the staff to follow, we believe that communication both oral and written is the key to educational progress, to social integration and to personal development and happiness. Literacy is about promoting fluent readers, confident writers and effective speaking and listeners. Children must listen to others and take account of the speaker, respond thoughtfully and demonstrate the skills necessary for effective speaking and listening. We aim to develop the necessary skills to read confidently, fluently and with enjoyment and understanding. We aim to use a wide range of resources, i. e. websites, non-fiction books and encyclopaedias to expand their knowledge and understanding along with exposing them to many different forms of genre. This sets out exactly what is to be taught and how it is taught. Medium term planning takes place every term and sets out the planned lessons and activities for the coming term. Each plan must give every pupil the opportunity to develop good speaking and listening, reading and writing skills. Activities are often linked to the theme/topic for the term and teachers capitalize on opportunities to teach specific text types when the theme is appropriate e. g. Explanation texts during a science based theme.

Illustrate the concepts of pluralism and corporatism Essays

Illustrate the concepts of pluralism and corporatism Essays Illustrate the concepts of pluralism and corporatism Essay Illustrate the concepts of pluralism and corporatism Essay An Illustration the constructs of pluralism’ and corporatism’ by using them to two suitably selected West European States The constructs of pluralism and corporatism occupy two of the opposite terminals of the Western European democratic spectrum. While one seeks to increase the range of parliamentary democracy in the post?industrial age, the other strives to cut down the capacity for enhanced engagement in democracies by bowing to the caprice of the economic market instead than the will of the bulk of the people. Surely, the statement about which manner of democracy ( corporatism or pluralism ) is the correct’ method for partitioning political power in the 20 first century, is non dead. Though corporatism can non deny its links with the European experiment of fascism during the 1920’s and the 1930’s ( in peculiar the economic fascism’ as practised by Mussolini’s Italy ) and though pluralism has likewise organic theoretical ties to socialism, both remain in grounds in European Union provinces today, although no longer in the totalitarian signifier that characterised th eir embodiments during the first half of the 20th century. For the intent of comparing, two states have been selected for analysis as illustrations of pluralism and corporatism. These states are the United Kingdom and Austria and – needfully – the text herein will be split into two to compare the states while besides dovetailing at times in order to underline the similarities between the democracies of Britain and Austria. First, nevertheless, a definition of the constructs of pluralism and corporatism must be ascertained so as to set up a fixed conceptual model. Pluralism Pluralism is a wide, far making term that can be interpreted in a assortment of different ways and that besides goes under a figure of assumed names. Rationality’ , representative government’ , majority rule’ , republicanism’ , populism’ and the will of the people’ ( as termed by Rousseau and the libertarian doctrine of the Gallic Revolution ) have all been used to depict the ideological drift behind pluralism and all of these by and large left-of-center constructs are interconnected. What is certain is that pluralism is an ideological agencies to a political terminal that would procure the most democratised vision of authorities possible, encouraging diverseness in multicultural Western populations via the encouragement of unfastened argument on any figure of societal, political, cultural and economic jussive moods. There are bounds to pluralism. It is of import, for case, to observe the cardinal difference between consentaneous regulation a nd political consensus ( which characterises pluralist idea ) . Consensus represents a looser restraint than unanimity, more unfastened to conventions about developing a sense of the meeting’ and leting more room to burden differentially parts to debate that differ in quality. [ 1 ] Corporatism Corporatism is the diametral antonym of pluralism in so far as it envisages political policy as the merchandise of the argument of the few’ instead than the many’ with the minority in this case represented by large concern, industrial capital and economic trusts. Corporatism is linked to the right wing of political sentiment in western idea, which is per se distrustful of the liberty of political power as promulgated by pluralism mentioning the ill-famed tyranny of the majority’ as a counterweight to claims that corporatism is simply a facade for totalitarian visions of neo?fascism. Therefore, the main split between pluralist and corporatist political orientations is located within their differing reading of the impression of the province. The corporate province is a state-with-a-purpose. It has moved beyond its traditional functions of maintaining the peace, keeping the currency, diplomatic negotiations and defense mechanism. In add-on, it offers management solutions’ to the electorate, which requires more and more money and power to transport them out. [ 2 ] The United Kingdom: A Pluralist State As the oldest lasting experiment with parliamentary democracy in Western Europe, Britain is the best illustration of a pluralist province in action. Pluralism in the UK is chiefly meted out in the tremendous power wielded by interest’ or pressure’ groups a cardinal symptom of pluralism in pattern. This has by and large proved to be a fruitful historical matrimony between representative organic structures and the policy?making cabal of the authorities with the famously secular composing of the UK ( integrating an increasing rhythm of devolved and decentralized authorities ) cited as a aglow illustration of the victory of pluralist political relations. Westminster has a deep?rooted tradition of paying attentiveness to coerce groups with non?governmental administrations ( NGO’s ) stand foring any figure of people on a assortment of socio?political issues from anti?smoking conferences toFathers for Justice. Yet while it is true that involvement groups permit non?politicised constitutions to take part more to the full in the parliamentary democracy, there is besides turning concern that they stifle every bit much as trigger societal alteration by subjecting the necessary development of post?modern society to unneeded cheques and balances. The United Kingdom is frequently cited as an utmost illustration of the power of groups in forestalling necessary alteration in society. [ 3 ] Furthermore, the application of force per unit area groups in the mainstream political domain does nil to extinguish the influence of large concern, the pulse of corporatism. Rather ; empirically, it would look to be true that concern groups exceed other types numerically. [ 4 ] The recent debut of 20 four hr imbibing high spots the on-going primacy of the corporate anteroom in inciting domestic policy in Britain. Oesterreichs: A Case Study in Corporatism. Austria has a long association with corporatism in domestic political personal businesss. Detractors attempt to worsen the nexus between the Austrian experiences of National Socialism with the go oning trust upon corporate sentiment in explicating policy. However, the trust upon corporatism is every bit much a residue of its geopolitical state of affairs ( close to the boundary line of the former Communist iron curtain’ that split Europe in two ) as it is due to a national disposition to autocratic political relations. Corporatism has been manifested in Austria by the laterality of concern over representative organic structures such as trade brotherhoods for the supposed greater corporate good of the state. In this manner, corporatism was translated into the corporate province that sought to protect Austria’s natural material interests [ 5 ] against both of the neighbouring East and West axis. However, the restrictions of corporatism in Austria have been greatly accentuated in the past 20 old ages as a radically changing societal and demographic composing of the state has fostered an increasing dependance upon parliament and the pluralism of party political relations. The private and public cabals have in fact moved closer to a brotherhood than an uneasy armistice or confederation as was frequently the instance in the 1970’s and 1980’s. Furthermore, the historical merger of corporate concern, labor and authorities has paved the manner for the modern-day Austrian theoretical account of the political third way’ – a via media between capitalist economy and the organic structure politic that seeks to heighten the chance for political engagement for all. This is the same ideal of the third way’ of political relations as championed by New Labour. Thus, in the terminal, corporatism in Austria has been forced to bow to the primacy of pluralism in post?industrial political theory. Decision Sophisticated modern-day democracies can non boom via attachment to merely one paradigm of democratic political sentiment. For illustration, the gradual eroding of province boundaries has lessened the influence of corporatism in Austria while the worlds of the planetary economic market render pluralism in the UK as much a slave to large concern as any other portion of the public political domain. This convergence of theory in Western European states has proved to be the accelerator behind the mention to the terminal of history and the last man [ 6 ] ( Francis Fukuyama ) whereby domestic party political relations is reduced to little more than a autotype of the dominant democratic ethos of neo?liberalism and the grim rise of planetary free market capitalist economy. Mentions Birch, A.H. ( 2001 )Concepts and Theories of Modern Democracy: Second EditionLondon: Routledge Buchanan, J.M. and Congleton, R.D. ( 1998 )Politicss by Principle, non by InterestCambridge: Cambridge University Press Crepaz, M.M.L. ( October 1994 )From Semi?sovereignty to Sovereignty: The Decline of Corporatism and Rise of Parliament in Austria, in,Journal of Comparative Politics, Volume 27, Number 1 Fukuyama, F. ( 1993 )The End of History and the Last ManLondon and New York: Penguin Jordan, A.G. and Richardson, J.J. ( 1987 )Government and Pressure Groups in BritainOxford: Clarendon Katzenstein, P.J. ( 1987 )Corporatism and Change: Austria, Switzerland and the Politicss of IndustryNew York: Cornell University Press Loughlin, J. ( 2004 )Subnational Democracy in the European Union: Challenges and OpportunitiesOxford: Oxford University Press Mosley, I. ( 2003 )Democracy, Fascism and the New World OrderLondon: Imprint Academic Richardson, H.S. ( 2002 )Democratic Autonomy: Public Reasoning About the Ends of PolicyOxford: Oxford University Press Wootton, G. ( 1970 )Interest GroupsEnglewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall

Diabetes Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Diabetes Today - Essay Example Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, which can potentially develop into type 2 diabetes later in life. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by long-term complications involving small and large blood vessels (micro and macroangiopathy) affecting the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood and accounts for 5-10% of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered to be an autoimmune disease, where there is destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, which produces insulin. This results in absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 and accounts for 90%-95% or more of all cases of diabetes. It is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Although it usually occurs in adults over the age of 45, it is increasingly being seen in obese individuals of all age groups, including children and adolescents (New York State Department of Health, 2006). Other causes of diabetes include: due to chronic pancreatitis in alcoholics, hormonal abnormalities like pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, and Cushing’s syndrome, steroid hormone administration, endogenous release of glucagon and catecholamines following severe burns, acute myocardial infarction (â€Å"stress hyperglycemia†), diabetes caused by drugs or chemicals, diabetes caused by insulin receptor abnormalities, and diabetes associated with genetic syndromes like lipodystrophies, myotonic dystrophy and ataxia-telangiectasia (Foster,1998.) It has been suggested that modern food processing methods result in glycation end products, oxidized ascorbic acid and lipoic acid, all of which are potential causes of diabetes. High levels of glycation products are also found in infant formula, which also has added ascorbic acid. Adverse immune effects leading to diabetes can result from glycation of a casomorphin released from A1 beta-casein (Elliott, 2006). Since the 1960s, there has been